oceania – Page 11 – Pohnpei Eco-Adventure Guide

Liduduhniap Waterfall, Nanipil & Nan Madap Attractions

Liduduhniap Waterfalls

The easiest waterfalls to visit on Pohnpei (no hiking required) are the tiered “horse-tail” falls, Liduhduhniap, just a few kilometers from Kolonia. When the Greater Nett Eco-Adventure Guide was published in 2015, we wrote of Liduduhniap:

“Some might consider accessibility to be a red flag and assume that a location so close to town would be completely spoiled by a constant flow of visitors and thoughtless development. That’s not the case here.”

Unfortunately, things have changed recently (2017). Under the direction of Pohnpei’s new tourism department, the landowners at Liduduhniap have chosen to severely undermine the natural integrity of the site by replacing the dirt path to the lower falls with an unsightly series of concrete steps and a concrete hut near the edge of the pool. Toilets have also been built on the site. For those of us who knew the place before this “development”, it will never be quite the same again, but Liduduhniap is still a beautiful spot — not just the two waterfalls themselves, but the greater area, which is lush, rugged, and often partially enshrouded in thick mists that drift down from the steep mountains. The population around the site is relatively sparse, and it is hoped that most of the land will remain as it has for decades — green and wild.

The Liduduhniap Waterfalls lie on a portion of the Nanipil River (Pillapen Nanipil) located right at the feet of the mountains and fed by a great deal of rain (the primary dam and reservoir that supplies the town with water is just a bit upstream). The upper falls cascades 4 meters (13 ft) into a deep basalt plunge pool with a jaw-dropping elevated view of the river valley and the slopes of the mountains. From there it spills over the lip and plummets another 8 meters or so (26 ft) into a larger, but shallower pool. Swimming is excellent at both pools, though the first is more difficult to get in and out of. Most people simply opt to take a flying leap off the rocks, but you can also carefully cross the river above the falls and climb down to the pool from the far side without too much trouble (go barefoot or wear five-fingers to avoid losing your flip-flops in the swampy sections). The water is crystal clear — except immediately after heavy rains — and always on the chilly side, making it a great escape for oppressively hot and humid Pohnpei days. The deep, narrow valley funnels air along so that there’s always a bit of a breeze, too, which keeps the ferns waving hypnotically and the temps down. No one is quite sure how deep the upper pool is, but it’s deep — deeper than you’ll ever sink after a jump. However, one must still take care to scan the water before leaping; flash floods sometimes wash tree trunks and other debris down from the mountains and these can become wedged in the pool below the surface. Depending on how high the river is, you may be able to swim up and get behind the falls, where there’s a small depression in the rock. There’s also a large cavern on the eastern side of the pool. The lower pool is too shallow for jumping.

The well-manicured and landscaped gravel trail to the site begins left of a large nahs (community hut) near the unpaved road and opposite the landowners’ house, meandering past blossoming hibiscus shrubs, plumeria trees, and ginger until it reaches a couple of ramshackle huts above the river. These make nice spots for a picnic lunch, while in the evenings the family uses them for pounding and drinking Pohnpei’s dizzying ceremonial drink, sakau (kava). Turn right by the huts and scramble down to the river to visit the upper falls. Note the mortar holes on the north side of the pool rim, where sakau was pounded in ancient times. To reach the lower pool and waterfall, continue along the main trail and down a series of concrete steps. The family charges an access fee of $1.00 per person to visit the falls. Occasionally they may ask you for $5.00 if it looks like you plan to take a lot of photos of the site.

Be advised that there have been many injuries and several fatalities at Liduduhniap! The spot is extremely prone to flash floods. In 1999, two Pohnpeians were swept away by a flash flood and carried over both falls to their deaths. In 2002, three visiting Palauan athletes were also killed by a flash flood; there’s a monument to them next to the trailhead. Danger from slips and falls is another issue. In 2012, an American educational volunteer fell to her death from the upper falls, which prompted the landowners to install a dodgy rope ladder on one side of the upper pool. Read the Safety Considerations in the right column and BE CAREFUL.

Plan for 30 min – 2 hours to enjoy the waterfalls.

Upper Nanipil Bird Walk

If you continue up the road from Liduduhniap, you’ll soon pass the dam and reservoir on the left. Just beyond this, also on the left, a footpath leads into the forest and runs through the woods above the stream for 1.1 km (0.68 mi). Among birders, this scenic walk is second only to Sokehs Mountain in terms of the variety and prevalence of species that can be seen. It’s easy to get to and doesn’t require any huffing and puffing, and the forests are rich and unspoiled and full of birds. There are no houses along the trail, which means that traffic and noise are at a minimum. You can see many species on the walk, but highlights include the Pohnpei Cicadabird (Coracina insperata), Pohnpei Fantail (Rhipidura kubaryi), Pohnpei Flycatcher (Myiagra pluto), and Crimson-Crowned Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus porphyraceus). We suggest you hire a local birding guide and bring a pair of binoculars. Stick to the path to avoid damaging this pristine watershed.

Plan for 2-3 hours for this walk.
Visit our Birding page to learn how to find birding guides.

Sengnaip Waterfall

This little-known two-tiered waterfall is located about 400 m (0.25 mi) south of the Nanipil Bird Walk described above. If you cut off the path and continue down the slope for about 170 m (186 yd), you’ll hit the main stream, which you can follow up for another 144 m (157 yd). At this point, you reach a large basalt pool that narrows on the far side and disappears into a rocky slot. You can get a great view and wonderful pictures of the falls from the rocks on the east side of the pool, but there’s no easy way to go further without swimming. If you do the latter, you’ll end up in a small plunge pool enclosed on three sides by high rock walls. There’s a cave just above the water level on the east side. The spot is unbelievably peaceful and has been seen by very few people. Treat it with utmost respect.

Like Liduduhniap downstream, this location has extreme flash flood potential. Read the Safety Considerations in the right column.

Plan for 2-3 hours for this excursion.
Visit our Guides & Tour Operators page for a list of guides who can be hired for this hike.

Likei & Pahn Pwet Waterfalls

If you hire a knowledgeable guide and continue hiking south at the conclusion of the Nanipil Bird Walk (where the trail crosses a stream on a large log), you’ll soon strike the main river again. The route stays with the watercourse for 1.5 km (0.93 mi) with very gentle elevation gain (4% slope avg). At the end of this segment, the river is joined by another stream coming from the southeast. Following either course for about a third of a kilometer will lead you to a waterfall. The western route continues 0.37 km (0.23 mi) up a slope, where the hike steepens to about a 25% slope average before coming to Likei Waterfall. The eastern course leads 0.23 km (0.14 mi) with a 18% slope average to Pahn Pwet Waterfall. The two waterfalls are quite dramatic and little-known both by visitors and by local people. This area, called Nan Madap, is actually disputed territory; both Sokehs and Kitti claim it, though the municipal boundaries as they are typically drawn seem to place the location within Sokehs.

Plan for 5-7 hours for this hike.
Visit our Guides & Tour Operators page for a list of guides who can be hired for this hike.

Nan Kiepw Waterfall

Also with a local guide, a third falls can be accessed from a completely different route, beginning just west of the community hut by the Liduduhniap trailhead. This hike climbs up the mountain slopes fairly steadily for 3 km (1.86 mi). The first two thirds of the distance is relatively easy with a slope average of about 12%, but then the slope steepens considerably to about 41%. Nan Kiepw Waterfall is high up at about 500 meters of elevation (it may be one of the highest falls on the island), just below the summit of Dolen Nanikep and off the east side of the trail. Sometimes you can see this falls from the lagoon after heavy rain.

Serious trekkers have the option of continuing past the waterfall, up to Dolen Kiepw (610 m), and on to Dolmweir (735 m), where a thatched shelter was built for hikers in 2013 (note that the roof of the hut was already deteriorating when we visited only six months or so after it was constructed). This is an admittedly tough hike with slopes ranging from 25% to 40% and very rough terrain. The shelter is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) beyond Nan Kiepw falls. From the shelter, trails run west to Pekenuht (705 m) and down into Pehleng or east to Nahnalaud (772 m).

Plan for 5-7 hours for this hike.
Visit our Guides & Tour Operators page for a list of guides who can be hired for this hike.

Nanipil River Swimming Holes

“Cable Bridge Hole”

This is by far the most popular swimming spot on the Nanipil River located 4 km (2.5 mi) from downtown Kolonia, where the watercourse turns sharply away from the Nanipil River Road and forms two deep, placid pools. There used to be a cable footbridge that crossed this portion of the stream, but now all that remains are a couple rusting cables strung high above the water. The water at the site is clean and quite cool — an excellent place to freshen up on a sweltering afternoon. Avoid the site, however, during or immediately after heavy rain, as the water gets muddy from all the sediment washing into the valley upstream. Cars can be parked on the opposite side of the road.

“The Swimming Pond”

This is a favorite with young kids in the area, located 5.3 km (3.3 mi) from downtown Kolonia. A short walk from the Nanipil River Road leads to a long, deep pool with a steep slope on the far bank. Rope swings are often strung up on both sides of the pool, and there are some grassy spots to picnic and a tiny hut or two. The landowners, who live in a house on the side of the road opposite the trailhead, charge visitors $1.00 per person.

Flash floods are an issue at both sites, due to Nanipil Valley’s narrowness and the volume of rain that can fall in a short period of time in the steep mountains to the rear. Be wary.

Map Guides >> Nett & Western U >> Liduduhniap Waterfall, Nanipil & Nan Madap Attractions

By pni-surfclubPosted on March 2, 2013September 2, 2019Posted in birding, camping, greater nett, hiking & trekking, swimming & picnicking, waterfallsTagged birding, fsm, islands, lewi bird walk, liduduhniap waterfalls, likei waterfall, micronesia, nan kiewp waterfall, nan madap, nanipil, nanipil bird walk, oceania, pacific, pahn pwet waterfall, pohnpei, ponape, sengnaip waterfalls, waterfalls

Dolen Nett / Pohnlehr

Dolen Nett (“hill of Nett”) is a steep-sided mountain running the length of the Nett Point peninsula. Leaf-shaped, this peninsula juts north into the lagoon east of Kolonia and is said, in myth, to have been formed by the corpse of the same monster eel that founded the Lasialap clan, created Lipwentiak, and lived in the Lehdau River for many years. When the creature finally died, her carcass became Dolen Nett.

Like Sokehs Mountain, Dolen Nett is mostly flat on top, as if the peak was sliced off. From town, this plateau — known as Pohn Dolen Nett (“on the hill of Nett“) — looks like a manicured lawn, which has inspired the mistaken belief that it was once used as an airfield by the Japanese. In truth, there were only three Japanese airstrips on Pohnpei: one at Nanpohnmal, one in Palikir that never became fully operational, and the seaplane base on Lenger Island. There are hardwood forests around the edges of the plateau, but the central landscape of Pohn Dolen Nett is nearly treeless. Most of this open terrain consists of very resistant, and in many places, shoulder-high paddle grass and Dicranopteris ferns with swampy mires and sections of jagged basalt scattered throughout. It should be noted that the aforementioned ferns can be brutal on bare legs if you’re forcing your way through them for any length of time. That’s cat o’ nine tails brutal. Flay the flesh right off your shinbones brutal. We learned the hard way once, while mapping the location. One humble suggestion: hike in pants. Heat-stroke, too, can be an issue on the hill; with so little tree-cover, sunny days are blistering.

Japanese World War II Sites

As is true of all the high points around Pohnpei’s coasts, the Japanese fortified Dolen Nett in the late 1930s, anticipating an eventual attack by Allied forces (which came in the form of intense bombing raids rather than the expected surface-based assault). The most interesting war features are grouped together at the southern end near the true summit (an area called Pohnlehr) and include some steel drums, the barrel of a disassembled 75 mm canon lying in the woods, rock walls, two stone machine gun pillboxes, and a concrete and steel bunker that houses a second 75 mm gun in situ. To access the latter, which has excellent views of the bay between Nett and Awak, you have to move along a precipice, often partially or completely obscured by high grass. Let your guide go first to clear a path — unless you want to find yourself plummeting through empty space. The bunker itself can be entered, but it’s a bit of a grubby venture as the roof has partially collapsed and is now supported by the breech of the gun itself.

The other major site on the south side is a mobile radar array that sits on a low stone platform in the woods about 126 meters (138 yd) northwest of the gun bunker. The radar was mounted on a rotating turret in the center of a truck chassis (still intact) and the operator turned a wheel to position it. There are some large depressions in the surrounding forests that may be bomb craters, but none of the major features on the hill appear to have sustained direct damage from the bombing runs. More likely, these posts were simply abandoned, as they would not have been very effective against an aerial attack.

The woods pick up again on the north end of the mountain, and here, also, are some Japanese military features, including a large network of narrow defensive trenches, a few stone rifle pits, and machine gun emplacements.

Featured Routes

There are many ways to get to the top of Dolen Nett. We have covered four routes on the Greater Nett & Western U Eco-Adventure Map.

(1) The most practical route starts behind a house next to the road in Weipowe 1.2 km (0.75 mi) south of the Nett Point turn-off. Just ask at the houses on the inland side of the road for guides. The trail is well-maintained as far as the family’s private sakau (kava) and yam plantations on the slope. The steepest bit of the climb is at the beginning — 0.4 km / 0.26 mi, 33% slope avg. Near the top of the ridge, the trail passes the entrance to a long Japanese tunnel, well worth exploring — but bring a headlamp. From there, it continues up the forested slope and eventually comes to the open fern meadows, called nanmal (0.4 km / 0.3 mi, 22% slope avg).

(2) Another trail begins 0.6 km (0.37 mi) south of Trailhead 1 (look for a narrow concrete driveway next to a giant mango tree). This may have been the primary Japanese trail, but it is now difficult to follow above the point where farmers plant their sakau. About 0.56 km (0.35 mi) along (26% slope avg), the trail collides with an impassable basalt wall over which a thin waterfall can form after heavy rain. Here the trail turns south and continues about 0.29 km (0.18 mi) with a 17% slope avg, running parallel to the wall until it ends. Then it begins to climb again, briefly emerges in a small meadow, passes through some light forest, and emerges again at a rare grove of coconut palms (185 m / 202 yd).

(3) A third route begins at the edge of the road in Paliais 0.7 km (0.43 mi) north of the Dausokele Bridge. The route is about 0.7 km (0.43 mi) to the top with a 26% slope avg.

(4) The fourth route starts on the edge of the road 1 km (0.62 mi) south of the Nett Point turn-off. It climbs fairly straight 0.27 km (0.17 mi) with an 18% slope avg up to the ridge, which is much lower here. It then turns south and follows the ridge 0.43 km (0.27 mi) until it connects with Route 1 at the Japanese tunnel entrance.

Pohnpei Short-Eared Owl

The lonely meadows and forests on the mountaintop are prime habitat for Pohnpei’s shy short-eared owl, Asio flammeus. This species has been pushed up to the mountainsides by building projects — such as the State Hospital — which destroyed its native grasslands habitat. Late afternoon is a good time to look for the large bird rising from its hidden abode as it sweeps out to hunt (we spotted it on three out of five trips).

Camping

There are many fine places to camp on Dolen Nett. The nanmal is excellent on clear nights, where you can gaze both on the star field above and the twinkling lights of Kolonia below. If you want more cover or perhaps some trees to tie a tarp or hammock to, try the forests at the southern end. Bring plenty of water — none is found on the mountaintop — and take everything you brought with you when you leave. A good campsite is one that leaves no trace.

Plan for 6-8 hours for this hike, if you want to see all the WWII features.
Please visit the Local Guides & Tour Operators page for a list of experienced guides available for hikes to Dolen Nett. Offer $37-50.00 for a group of five or less.

The Story of the Eel of Pahdol

A long time ago, a couple from Wene came to live in a place called Iro. One day there was a great storm and the heavy rains resulted in a huge flood. Two women in the area went out to fish in the flood, and while they were fishing, a starling flew over and dropped a small stone. The women took the stone home and gave it to the couple from Wene. Later, at a place called Pahnkipar (“under the pandanus tree”), the stone broke apart and from it was hatched a tiny freshwater eel. The couple kept the eel as their pet and allowed it to live in a pool at Pahdol (“under the hill”) in Pahnais. When the eel grew up, however, it began to act in sinister ways. At night, the eel would escape from its pool and sneak into the house, where it would stare at the sleeping couple. The couple became uncomfortable and decided to kill and eat the eel, but the eel overheard their plan, came into the house, and attacked them. The couple fled into the forest and hid under a huge rock, where they believed they’d be safe. The eel discovered the hiding place and ambushed the couple, devouring them alive.

The eel then traveled into the Nanmeir Valley in Pohnpei’s interior and followed the Lehnmesi River source. There she met Kiroun Meir, a high-titled man, who brought her to live with him at his home. The two became lovers and the eel was impregnated. She was restless, however, and departed, continuing to follow the river. At Lipwentiak, the eel encountered a hunter named Kiroun Mand, killing and eating eels. Recoiling at this sight, she created a sharp turn in the river with the writhing of her body. Soon after, she gave birth to her first daughter, the matriarch of the Sounlipwentiak subclan. She had other children later who became the founders of the Lasiadohng (“eels of the dohng tree”) and Lasiakotop (“eels of the kotop palm”) subclans. After that, the eel went to live in Dauen Sapwalap, where she terrorized the local inhabitants, devouring so many that the land became mostly deserted. When the monster finally died, her body formed Dolen Nett.

Map Guides >> Nett & Western U >> Dolen Nett

By pni-surfclubPosted on March 1, 2013September 2, 2019Posted in birding, camping, greater nett, hiking & trekking, historical sites, world war sitesTagged birding, dolen nett, fsm, guns, hiking, historical sites, islands, micronesia, mountains, oceania, pacific, pohn dolen nett, pohnlehr, pohnpei, ponape, trails, world war sites

Lenger WWII Historical Sites

Southwest Side

Subterranean Crude Oil Facility (Pahnlenger)

Built beneath Dolen Lenger, the Japanese crude oil storage complex is without question the most impressive of the island’s historical sites. If tight spaces, heights, cobwebs, bats, or the dark make you nervous, this is where you should grab your flashlight and confront your phobias! You don’t want to miss this experience, but do take care where you put your feet and watch out for swiftlets darting about.

The facility is accessed through the first of a trio of steel gates that opens onto a wide rock tunnel lying parallel to the hillside (Gates 2 & 3 are blocked by mud and rock-fall). Steel ladders in alcoves opposite each of the gates run up the wall to concrete lofts from which Japanese personnel could inspect the massive oil tanks. Each tank is 40 meters long and 10 meters wide (131 x 33 ft) with an arched, riveted ceiling and an estimated capacity of 3,300 metric tons. From each loft a second ladder descends 10 meters (33 ft) through a hatch to the floor of the tank. Depending on recent rains, there may between 10 cm and a meter of standing water on the floor, but it’s usually possible to explore without getting too wet. Japanese graffiti on the wall of the first loft reads: “Push forward bravely and strive.” Records seem to indicate that only the third tank was operational. A large diesel engine in front of Tank 3 was probably used to pump the oil in and out. A pipe runs all the way to the coast.

Storage Caves (Pahnaiau)

The four caves carved into the slope of Dolen Lenger were probably intended for use as storage facilities (and also for defense as a last resort), but may not have been completed. Cave 1 is tiny (about 6 meters deep). The other three are grouped together 50 meters (164 ft) to the northwest. Cave 2 is 15 meters deep, 8.5 meters across (49 x 28 ft), and nearly as high with a wide entrance sloping steeply to a soggy floor. If you venture down, be careful of broken glass from bottles that might have been meant for Molotov cocktails (gasoline bombs). Cave 3 is slightly larger and deeper with several terraces. A line of rock-filled barrels at the mouth seems to have been added as protection against a land attack, and the third terrace may have been intended for a machine gun. Cave 4 is the largest with a depth of 28 meters. All of the caves are muddy, often have standing water on their floors, and are occupied by colonies of Caroline Islands swiftlets. The name of the area, Pahnaiau, means “under the banyan tree.”

Concrete Plant Equipment (Pahnaiau)

West of the main path to the caves is a ballast mound with a mango tree on top and a cluster of equipment used in the process of making cement: three concrete mixers, a large Yanmar diesel engine, and the 610 mm gauge rail lines that were used to transport dynamited rock from the cave sites along the hillside. A rock-crusher lies 23 meters (75 feet) southwest of the mixers.

South Side

Oil Tank Complex (Pahnkamal)

This large walled complex originally contained two steel tanks for the storage of crude oil, which was pumped in from the coast. The larger tank, with a 1000-liter capacity, was dismantled in the 1970s by a man who needed steel plates for his ship. He was in the process of taking apart the smaller one, when the government intervened. The existing tank can be entered where the lower panels have been removed. The roof is accessible via a ladder on the inside, leading to a manhole. A courtyard wall surrounds the entire facility (now being used by local residents as a pigpen) and concrete channels lead to a pair of rectangular cisterns (currently piled with coconut husks). Large bomb craters from the American bombardment are found on the northwest and south sides.

Aviation Fuel Reservoir Tunnel (Pahnkamal)

Northwest of the main path is a subterranean tank that supplied the seaplanes with aviation fuel. A steel door in the hillside opens on a tunnel about 8 meters long (typically flooded with about 20 cm of standing water and silty mud). At the end of the tunnel, the fuel pipes turn to the right and disappear into a concrete wall, behind which the reservoir lies. A ladder runs up to a secondary entrance hatch on the slope, but it is now rusted shut. The Japanese took fuel from this location by truck to the seaplane facility.

East Side

Cisterns & Machines(Nanpeilam)

Footpaths leading toward residences on the eastern coast pass a variety of rusting machine parts and two rectangular concrete cisterns. The southernmost cistern can be entered through a hole knocked in the south wall. A ladder also runs up to the roof.

“The Banyan Wheel” (Dausong)

The most photogenic of the island’s attractions is not far from the main path on a terrace cut into the eastern slope of Dolen Lenger. There are several concrete foundations here and on one of them is an unidentified machine (perhaps an engine or rock-crusher) that has been completely absorbed by a huge banyan tree, such that the large machine wheel is permanently fixed on the outside of the tree with two roots growing right through the spokes. Take our word for it: it’s pretty darn cool.

Northeast Side

Seaplane Hangar & Aircraft Wreckage (Dietakai)

The hangar on the northeast side of the island once housed the “flying boats” that flew between Chuuk, Pohnpei, and the Marshall Islands and the Naval Type-O Observation seaplanes that were used for recon. The structure sustained at least two direct hits from bombs, leaving massive craters at the front and on the southeast wall and possibly contributing to the eventual collapse of most of the braced girder roof in the 1980s (only the rear portion still stands). Near the northeast corner is a half-buried air compressor and just beyond this the engine cylinder of a destroyed aircraft, but the tangled girders make it difficult to move further inside from this direction. A careful search near the east side of the foundation should yield the wreckage of at least one plane (an Aichi E13A1 Jake), including the engine and propeller, portions of a wing, a pontoon, strut, and bits of bulkhead next to one of the carriers used to move the planes. The hangar can be much more easily entered at the rear, where the roof girders are still intact. A pair of carriers — on their way to being devoured by a ficus — were used to transport the seaplanes.

Download a FREE BONUS MAP of the seaplane hangar here

Seaplane Ramp & Apron (Dietakai)

The large seaplane ramp and apron dates to 1939 or shortly after and was constructed by a labor force consisting of Japanese, Korean, Pingelapese, Mwoakillese, and Pohnpeian workers. The structure lies on a reclaimed portion of the island and stretches northeast into the sea. The underwater section was made from concrete slabs poured elsewhere and lowered from barges, where they were assembled by divers. Stone seawalls around the perimeter were constructed in the highly stable yabane-tanizumi configuration. Written accounts left by local workers describe slave-labor conditions and harsh punishments for anyone who did not cooperate (one account says men were strung up to bake in the sun). A Pohnpeian marching dance (“Ke Dehr Lemeleme Me Se Ruksang Doadoahk en Kaigun”) composed during the event, commemorates the regular desertions of laborers.

Today, the cratered apron has been claimed by the forest and is difficult to even identify from the ground, but at the time of writing there was a clear path across it. The ramp was repaired by the Americans and used as the primary airstrip until the current airport on Dekehtik was completed. It remains mostly intact, though several structures in the area post-date the Japanese period (including an old hut for picnickers and the concrete tanks from a giant clam hatchery that operated in the 1990s).

Dolen Lenger

Dug-Outs & Tunnels (Dolen Lenger)

The ascent of Dolen Lenger follows the northernmost of two Japanese roads that lead up the hill and eventually intersect. The lower part of the southern road is mostly blocked by trees and mud and is no longer a good way to access the hill, but you can explore the upper section, where several dug-outs cut into the slope on either side. Two of the entrances are connected by a short tunnel.

Gatepost & Barracks Foundations (Dolen Lenger)

A bit further up the northern path, hikers pass a gatepost (its twin has fallen down the hill), adorned with round, colorful river stones imported from Japan. Naval personnel gathered at this spot for their morning meeting. Not far ahead, the foundations of a barracks complex are found on a large terrace in the hillside. The area is littered with Japanese beer bottles, old diesel engines, steel water tanks, and rusting machine parts. A short tunnel worms into the slope to the left of where the path climbs a flight of concrete steps and continues up the hill.

Searchlight (Dolen Lenger)

The drum and turn-table of a 110 cm searchlight (probably a Navy Model 92) lie just off the right edge of the path. The light was originally mounted on the rock outcropping five meters (16 ft) west of the its current position and was used to identify targets at night. It was probably dismantled by American personnel after the war.

Small Gun Station (Dolen Lenger)

Further along, a deviation from the main path leads to an unknown battery, probably for a machine gun or small artillery, which was removed after the war. A short stone wall protects the site and contains two ammunition magazines.

Anti-Aircraft Gun Stations (Dolen Lenger)

Two anti-aircraft batteries crown the hill, one to the west and the other at the end of the main path. Both sites consist of concrete rings surrounded by stone and earth revetments and a number of ammunition magazines (nine at the first station and six at the second). Naval 8 cm Type 3 Dual-Purpose Guns were installed at these locations to protect the seaplane base and other important Lenger facilities. Unfortunately, both guns were removed after the war.

Dolen Lenger Summit Area

From the last anti-aircraft gun station, it’s possible to continue another 50 meters (164 ft) or so to the 77 meter summit of the hill (marked with a brass USGS benchmark) and pick your way to the cliff-top for expansive views of Kolonia and the northern lagoon. Bring a machete and take care at the edge of the precipice.

Coastal Battery & 15 cm Naval Gun (Dolen Lenger)

Just north of the searchlight, a branch in the path turns west and descends a series of muddy steps to the coastal batteries and their four naval gun stations. Records disagree as to whether guns were actually installed at all four of the stations or if one station at each battery was a decoy. The only gun remaining on Lenger — a 15 cm 40 caliber British Armstrong-Whitworth naval canon — lies on its side in the mud at the southernmost station not far from the pedestal mount. It was probably thrown there by the detonation of one of the many bombs dropped by Allied aircraft in 1944. The barrel and shield are separated from the jacket and recuperator and partly buried. Japanese records state that the 15 cm gun on Sokehs Mountain was originally installed at Lenger and moved during the war. Lenger’s guns were intended to prevent surface invasions from Pweitik Passage to the northwest and had a range of roughly 7 kilometers (4.3 mi).

Heavy Ordnance Magazine Foundation (Dolen Lenger)

Past the gun stations is the foundation of what was probably a magazine for heavy ordnance surrounded by impressive inclined blast walls of quarried basalt rock. As is true of the best examples of Japanese architecture on Pohnpei, the stones were laid in the alternating diagonal pattern called “herringbone style” (or yabane-tanizumi). The site was most definitely covered during the operational period and camouflaged to make it invisible from the air.

West Side

Coastal Barracks Foundations

The remains of two large barracks are found on the western coast of the island. Both of the structures were wooden pitched-roof buildings raised above the ground on concrete posts and reached by short flights of stairs. Each barracks housed as many as fifty men. Only the posts and stairs remain today. The southern foundation has a nahs built on top of it, which was part of one the island’s two “resorts” in the 1990s.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Lenger Island guide would not exist without the amazing work and cooperation of archaeologist Takuya Nagaoka, who was the first person to map the historical sites on Lenger. Nagaoka’s meticulous survey maps and exhaustive report (as yet, unpublished) were indispensable in the process of finding and interpreting neglected sites that had become heavily overgrown.

Eco-Adventure Map Guides >> Lenger Island >> Lenger Historical Sites

By pni-surfclubPosted on February 1, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in caves, hiking & trekking, historical sites, islands, lenger & sapwtik islands, snorkeling, swimming & picnicking, world war sitesTagged 15 cm gun, banyan wheel, caves, fsm, guns, historical sites, islands, japanese historical sites, lenger island, micronesia, oceania, pacific, pohnpei, ponape, seaplane hangar, seaplane ramp, seaplane wreckage, searchlights, tunnels, world war sites

The German Road

In 1909, the German colonial government tried to force the residents of Sokehs to build a road around the northern end of Sokehs Island. When the people didn’t cooperate, they were beaten and humiliated. Ultimately, this sparked the Sokehs Rebellion, Pohnpei’s last and most famous insurrection. The German administrator Gustav Boeder was murdered near Mwalok along with a few of his men, and the rebels, under the leadership of a lesser chief titled Soumadau, then gathered strength, attacked, and besieged Kolonia. The Germans imported 400 Melanesian soldiers to hunt down the insurgents, and several German warships shelled the rebel refuge on Sokehs Mountain, forcing the rebels to flee to other sites. Within a few months, all of the rebels had either surrendered or been captured. The leaders of the rebellion were executed at a spot near the northernmost tip of Kolonia (called Kumwunlaid) and the people of Sokehs were exiled by force to mining camps in Palau and Yap, their lands given to immigrants from Pohnpei and Chuuk’s outer islands.

Portions of the “road” (which is actually a stone foot-path) can still be seen, winding through the mangroves not far from the current road. The longest and most accessible segment begins opposite the Nan Imwinsapw Park and runs east for 0.26 km (0.16 mi). One of the best times to do the walk is during high tide, when the mangrove trees are reflected in the still waters of the swamp forest. The German Road is one of the few registered historical sites in the State.

Nan Imwinsapw en Epwel

Nan Imwinsapw is a name that is found in several places around Pohnpei, roughly translating as “cape” or “point” and more literally “in the tip of the land.” In the case of Sokehs Island, the area is significant because of the presence of a large number of prehistoric stone ruins at the foot of the mountain and because of an association with important myths, including the story of a Yapese magician named Sou Iap (not to be confused with Soupaip, the ancient name of Sokehs Island and also Sokehs Rock). Nan Imwinsapw en Epwel is also said to be the only location in all of Sokehs Island where coconut crabs can be found. A small, ill-conceived park / picnic area near the coast commemorates the spot.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> The German Road

By pni-surfclubPosted on January 6, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in birding, hiking & trekking, historical sites, sokehs islandTagged fsm, german historical sites, german road, hiking, historical sites, history, islands, micronesia, nan imwinsapw, nan imwinsapw en epwel, oceania, pacific, parks, pohnpei, ponape, rock path, sokehs island, sokehs rebellion, trails

The Doldrums at APSCO Quarry

“The Doldrums”

The hottest days call for the coolest swimming holes, and there’s no better place than the “Doldrums” at APSCO Gravel Quarry, owned by the Akinaga family. The quarry property encompasses all of the land around Dolehtik, a small hill at the northern end of Sokehs Island. Across the street is a high cliff where prismatic basalt columns are stripped off the mountain with heavy equipment and later crushed into various grades of gravel. This same site may also have been one of the quarry locations for the stones of Nan Madol.

A large concrete dock 0.46 km (0.29 mi) northwest of the quarry entrance provides access to a beautiful swath of the lagoon. With no residences or pig pens inside this rather large area, the surrounding water is pristine with a visibility of more than 25 meters (80 ft). The spot got its nickname from a giant barge that, until the summer of 2013, was moored just off-shore and functioned as a jungle gym of sorts for local kids and foreigners alike. The barge is no longer there, but the main attraction is still the water itself, which is deep and gets deeper quick. The “Doldrums” is a great picnic destination and an idyllic place to stop in the middle of a paddling excursion around the island. Please keep this location beautiful by taking all of your trash with you when you leave for the day.

The main gate to the quarry is usually open, but visitors must report to the on-site office and ask the security guard to unlock the second gate, leading to the water. The facility is locked down for the night at 6:00 PM every evening. Make sure you’re out in time.

Snorkeling

Though coral development in the area is scarce, there are quite a few reef fish around. If you swim along the coast to the south, you might find some colorful starfish and an urchin or two.

Paddling

Kayaks can be easily launched on either side of the dock where the ground slopes gradually to the water.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> The Doldrums at APSCO

By pni-surfclubPosted on January 5, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in paddling, snorkeling, sokehs island, swimming & picnickingTagged apsco quarry, canoeing, fsm, islands, kayaking, mangrove forest, micronesia, oceania, pacific, paddleboarding, paddling, picnicking, pohnpei, ponape, snorkeling, sokehs, sokehs island, swimming, the doldrums

Kepindau & Pohn Pillap Waterfalls

Kepindau Waterfall

The larger of two small waterfalls found on Sokehs Island (the only waterfalls not on the main island of Pohnpei) is known as Kepindau and is located in Tamwarohi Kousapw on the private land of Joe Ferdinand and Dahkar Soulik. The stream and the area around it are also called by the same name, which means “bottom of the mangrove passage”. Kepindau and Pohn Pillap, the next stream to the west, were said to have been created when a giant eel wriggled up the hillside. Freshwater short-fin eels are sacred to Pohnpeians and play a recurring role in local myths; this particular story is just one entry in a greater eel-centric epic. Eels do indeed dwell in Kepindau and are protected and fed by the Ferdinand family. There’s a small pool just below the family’s cookhouse, where the eels can be observed. Bring some canned mackerel and the family will feed the beasts for your entertainment.

The hike follows footpaths that the family members use to get around on their land, climbing more or less straight up the slope on the west side of the stream. The waterfall is in a little rocky alcove that gets some very dramatic light in the morning hours. There is a shallow pool, but the amount of water varies. The best time to visit is a day or so after a period of heavy rain.

Pohn Pillap Waterfall

The second falls, Pohn Pillap, is found just over the border of Ipwal Kousapw on the land of Tony Martin and family. The name means “over the river.” Pohn Pillap is not as visually dramatic as Kepindau, but has a certain ambiance when there’s a lot of water (though there’s no pool here). Martin, who used to work for the Office of Historic Preservation, is extremely knowledgeable about just about everything Pohnpeian and can provide you with many fascinating tidbits about this site and others on Sokehs Island and beyond. He can also arrange for one of his older children to take you up to the falls if he doesn’t feel like guiding you himself. Offer $6-10.00 per group of five people or less.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Kepindau & Pohn Pillap Waterfalls

By pni-surfclubPosted on January 4, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in hiking & trekking, sokehs island, waterfallsTagged fsm, hiking, islands, kepindau waterfall, micronesia, oceania, pacific, pohn pillap waterfall, pohnpei, ponape, sokehs, sokehs island, trails, waterfalls

Sport-Climbing on Sokehs Island

The Spire

“The Spire” is exactly what it sounds like — a dagger-like basalt pinnacle rising 50 meters (165 ft) above the top of Sokehs Ridge immediately south of Paipalap. Named in 2005 by Daniel Moor, who scaled the rear of the rock and established a single top-rope bolt, “The Spire” is the kind of crag that just begs to be climbed. It was not climbed again, however, until 2011, when local climbers Matthew Mann and Jonathan White began to explore different route possibilities in earnest. Over the course of more than a year, they bolted four single-pitch sport-climbing ascents on the eastern face. Since that time, “The Spire” has been climbed fairly regularly by members of a small community of climbers living and working on Pohnpei. The emergence of the sport on the island even drew the attention of the local newspaper — well-deserved attention, considering the thought and care Mann and White put into creating these world-class routes. “The Spire” is reached by taking the Sokehs Rock Trail up from the paved road in Danipei (0.38 km, 15-30 minutes) and turning south at the top of the slope.

Rock Consistency & Hardware

The rock itself has a nice texture to it with plenty of friction, but not so much that it tears up the hands. It tends to be solid, not crumbly, and there are lots of sweet little pockets that formed when air bubbles were trapped in the cooling basalt.

Routes

All routes on “The Spire” are well protected with marine-grade bolts and dual double-ring top anchors for top-rope or rappel. Top access is possible via a short route of grade 5.7 which has been bolted on the rear of the rock to provide the means for hauling gear for route-setting and rappel.

Route	Rating	Length	Hardware in Place	Safety Rating
Iron Lungs	5.12a	32 m 105 ft	16 bolts + 2 double-ring top anchors	G
High & Dry	5.11d	36.6 m 120 ft	16 bolts + 2 double-ring top anchors	G
Myxo	5.12b	33.5 m 110 ft	15 bolts + 2 double-ring top anchors	G
No Surprises	5.11b	30.5 m 100 ft	14 bolts + 2 double-ring top anchors	G

The Adam’s Apple

Mann and White also discovered a wall about 60 meters south of “The Spire” near Takaien Rikapehd. They named it “The Adam’s Apple“. There are plans to eventually bolt five routes here. As of October 2013, two have been completed. “The Adam’s Apple” routes are short but extreme, as the wall is slightly overhung. This is not a place for beginners.

Routes

Route	Rating	Length	Hardware in Place	Safety Rating
Spies	5.12b	15.2 m 50 ft	5 bolts + 2 double-ring top anchors	G
Genesis	5.11c	18.3 m 60 ft	6 bolts + 2 double-ring top anchors	G

Why These Climbs Are Awesome

EASY ACCESS. A 10 minute drive from Kolonia Town + a 20 minute hike from the road = ready to climb.
NO FEES. Though the Sokehs Rock Trail (which leads to all the sites) begins next to a private residence, the landowners charge nothing for access. Just ask permission, if you see anyone at the house.
PUBLIC ROUTES. The climbing sites are all on public property and no permission is needed to be there.
SHELTERED FROM WIND & RAIN. The eastern faces of the rocks, where all the routes lie, are saved from the prevailing winds by the bulk of the ridge and stay mostly dry even after heavy rain.
SHADE. The routes are in direct sun only early in the morning, so you can sleep in or have a nice, leisurely breakfast before heading up.
A LITTLE OF EVERYTHING. The rock consists of weathered basalt with all sorts of interesting pockets, jugs, pinches, slopers, cracks, and edges.
THEY’RE WORLD-CLASS. Route-finders Matthew Mann and Jonathan White were adamant that all routes be of exceptional quality and highly challenging. There are no throw-away climbs. Everything here will test your limits.

Visit www.pohnpei-adventure.com/rockclimbing for more about climbing on Pohnpei.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Sport-Climbing on the Spire & the Adam’s Apple

By pni-surfclubPosted on January 3, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in hiking & trekking, rock climbing, sokehs islandTagged bolted routes, climbing, crags, fsm, genesis, high & dry, hiking, iron lungs, islands, micronesia, myxo, no surprises, oceania, pacific, pohnpei, ponape, rock climbing, sokehs, sokehs island, spies, sport climbing, the adam's apple, the spire, trails

Sokehs Rock

Paipalap, or Sokehs Rock, is without question the most striking feature of Pohnpei’s topography. Over 100 vertical meters (328 ft) of exposed basalt form the upper portion of a gigantic volcanic plug that juts from the north end of Sokehs Mountain and looms over Pohnpei’s harbor and only town, Kolonia. An unmarked trail leading to the Rock, “The Spire”, and “The Adam’s Apple” begins south of a brown house 1.2 km (0.74 mi) beyond Mwalok A-1 Store and just before the Danipei Church (ask permission before hiking). The steep path is well-defined with steep cement steps near the bottom and then a level segment with two
large basalt outcroppings and some cave-like formations. Three quarters of the way along, it begins to follow an electrical conduit running to the beacon on the summit (202 m / 663 ft).

Though not a technical climb, the ascent of the Rock itself is sketchy (triple-pitch, 5.6 R unassisted) and should only be attempted on clear, dry days, as the rocks are treacherous when wet. Pitch 1 begins at the
“Tree Cliff” and skirts a 70° face with the assistance of tree roots, fixed ropes (these you can trust), and the electrical conduit. This section is often underestimated and may, in fact, be the most dangerous part of the endeavor. Several people have been injured in falls at this spot. Pitch 2 starts at the rear foot of the main rock and involves a steep climb with some assistance from the conduit. The crux is a 2-meter section where the conduit has corroded and is no help at all. Climbers must rely on natural holds and a narrow crevice. Ropes also hang along the conduit, but do not trust your weight to any of them as they are in various states of deterioration. Pitch 3 is easier, though no less exposed. Most people straddle the conduit and haul themselves up.

Once on level ground, you can pick out the path that winds through scattered patches of wild pineapples, ferns, and a grove of trees that makes an ideal
campsite before ending at the main cliff on the northern end of the Rock. Spectacular views of the lagoon, reef passes, tuna fleets, and northern islands are found at several spots along the cliff face. On clear days, Pakin Atoll is visible to the west, and you may get a glimpse of Pohnpei’s shy — and perhaps threatened — short-eared owl (Asio flammeus).

The Creation of Sokehs Rock

An ancient Pohnpeian legend states that long ago a man traveling near what is now Sokehs Island was overwhelmed by the force of a geyser-like spring which burst up and swept him all the way to a distant island. There he acquired the help of a powerful magician, who conjured a huge stone and plugged up the spring. Ever after, the rock was known as Paipalap, “the great paip (boulder).” In another version of the story, a Yapese sorcerer named Sou Iap was disturbed by the sound of rushing water and voyaged to Pohnpei to investigate. Upon discovering a great fountain on Sokehs Island, Sou Iap blocked the opening with piles of sea sponges.

Trad Climbing on the Face

The north face of Sokehs Rock has considerable trad climbing potential, though it has yet to be fully explored (several climbers have rappelled down and raved about what they saw there). It is, however, quite extreme and under-cut in places. Note that a top-rope would need to be no less than 200 meters (666 ft) in length. Pioneers are welcome!

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Sokehs Rock

By pni-surfclubPosted on January 2, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in birding, camping, hiking & trekking, rock climbing, sokehs islandTagged birding, camping, climbing, fsm, hiking, islands, micronesia, oceania, pacific, paipalap, pohnpei, ponape, rock climbing, sokehs, sokehs island, sokehs rock, trails

Sokehs Mountain

Sokehs Mountain or Pohndollap, which means “on the big hill,” is a long, mostly flat-topped ridge running north-south along the length of Sokehs Island with a knoll-like summit near the middle. The mountain was a refuge for the insurgents of the Sokehs Rebellion and later a key location in the Japanese defense of Pohnpei during World War II. The mountain’s attractions are mostly war-related, though it is also a highly-regarded birding spot.

The hike begins at the end of the paving above the Sokehs Municipal Office and climbs steadily along the rocky Japanese Road (or you can drive to the halfway point). At the top of the mountain, the road turns north next to a terrace on which the Japanese barracks structures originally stood — now the site of a concrete nahs built by the Office of Tourism in the late-2000s. From this point, it’s roughly 0.23 km (0.14 mi) south to the Coastal Battery and 0.78 km (0.48 mi) north to the summit of Dollap (276 m / 906 ft).

Japanese-Era Historical Sites

Command Post & Anti-Aircraft Battery

This site is centered around the Japanese Command Post, from which military operations on the Ridge were directed. There are many structures in the area:

Defensive Trench — This narrow, rock-lined trench has been partially swallowed by a bamboo grove that must have established itself after the war. The trench makes two 90 degree turns around something that is now buried beneath the roots of a massive tree. It’s unclear what the structure was, but electrical cables can still seen coming out of it through the trench wall.

Stone Look-Out — This elevated observation point is found just above the west wall of the Command Post, reached by several concrete steps. From the circular roof-less enclosure at the top, you can look out over Gun #1 and the Command Post foundations.

Personnel Tunnel / Shelter — This L-shaped personnel tunnel is found opposite Gun #1 under what looks like a man-made hill. The tunnel runs southeast and then makes a 90-degree turn before terminating. It’s about 7 meters long in total. The structure was probably intended as a bomb shelter.

Anti-Aircraft Guns — The two guns in the battery are identical: Type 89 12.7 cm twin double-purpose guns, which could pivot 360 degrees on their mounts and also tilt to fire at enemy aircraft overhead. Both guns are surrounded by sloped concrete revetments about 2 meters high with recessed ammunition magazines around the ring (some of which still have large machine springs in them). It took roughly one year for sixteen Pohnpeian laborers to move the guns to the Ridge and install them in their current positions. Gun #1 faces northeast, while Gun #2 points north and is missing its shield. An uncovered shaft lies just to the rear of each of the guns and drops 2 meters into the ground, connecting to a tunnel that housed the gun’s power cables. These shafts are potential hazards, especially when the grass is high. Take special care when walking around the sites to avoid falling into either of the holes!

Command Post Foundations — Only the concrete basement foundations of the Command Post structure exist today. It seems to have been divided into two rooms. There’s a strange tower-like structure at the north side that TTPI archaeologist Duane Denfeld believed was used for target-bearing. The entrance is on the south side. To the left of the entrance under some trees is a flight of concrete stairs that has tipped partially on its side. It probably led up to the Look-Out and was either damaged by a bomb blast or undermined by erosion.

Machine Gun Pillbox — North of Gun #2 is a large pillbox with similar architecture as the coastal battery bunker. A set of stairs leads down to a stone corridor, which turns left into a circular chamber with slit openings on the front. From the outside, the structure is nearly invisible. The pillbox was probably intended for a machine gun, or more than one. As the chamber stays quite dry even during heavy rain, it’s a nice place to camp.

Mysterious Concrete Shaft — Southwest of the pillbox is a circular concrete shaft with a steel rung ladder leading downward. The shaft is currently flooded and its purpose is unclear. We’re still looking for information about this intriguing feature.

Barracks Area

The foundations of barracks, a kitchen, and mess hall are found at the north end of the Coastal Battery trail. The largest concentration of foundations is east of the path, indicating at least three large buildings. Concrete steps are found east of the Coastal Battery trail and south of the main road. A large water tank on a rock platform next to the path probably supplied the kitchen area. An identical tank to the east may have been for a washroom. Foundations extend all the way to the Tourism nahs. A slightly-sloped retaining wall built in the Japanese stone masonry style, called uchikomihagi, (unshaped, fitted stones) frames the terrace on which the foundations lie, running east-west along the main road and then turning south. There’s also an unknown foundation isolated from the others north of the main road with earthen revetments on all sides. It might have been a magazine for heavy ordnance, though the design is different from facilities on Lenger and Sapwtik.

Coastal Battery

The Coastal Battery is found at the end of a well-defined trail 0.23 km (0.14 mi) southwest of the cinderblock nahs. There are several notable features:

Coastal Gun & Bunker — A 15 cm naval gun is found in a large rock and steel bunker on the western slope of the mountain. The gun was manufactured by the British company Armstrong-Whitworth in 1905 and remains in good condition. It was intended to protect against surface incursions from Palikir Pass, a primary barrier reef passage to the west, but it may not have seen much action. The gun had a range of about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi). The bunker is roughly 8 meters by 6 meters with steel I-beams supporting the concrete ceiling and the dirt that is mounded over it. It would have been difficult to identify the feature from the air. There are two ammunition magazines behind the gun with heavy steel doors. A short corridor connects the rear of the bunker with a prominent trench which runs south for roughly 60 meters (196 ft), ending at a large bomb crater.

Rifle Pit — Twenty-five meters (82 ft) east of the gun bunker is a P-shaped rifle pit with rock walls. It may have originally been connected to the trench system mentioned above.

South Point

From the top of the Coastal Battery bunker, a trail runs 0.37 km (0.23 mi) south to the end of the Ridge. Along the way it passes scattered foundations, small water tanks, and several stone rifle pits. Little is known about the structures in this area. Bomb craters are obvious in many places. The path terminates at the mountain’s southernmost point–a narrow fin with steep slopes on both sides.

Rifle Pits on Western Slope

West of the Summit Road, 0.28 km (0.17 mi) north of the Command Post, is a complex of small stone rifle pits. Four rifle pits were investigated (two on either side of the path), with the pair to the south being the most extensive. Undoubtedly, there are many structures of this variety around the mountain’s slopes that have yet to be discovered. The area is lower than its surroundings and tends to be very muddy.

Power Station

Immediately east of the Summit Road, just before it begins to climb to the peak, are the remains of a Japanese power station. The most prominent features are a Yanmar 60 KVA generator and three concrete tanks–two for water that cooled the engines and one for fuel. Though the power station building is no more, the steel roof trusses still lie across the ground.

Summit Area

FSM Telecom has claimed the summit of Dollap, and the steel Japanese searchlight platform (about 5 meters in diameter) now supports one of two cellular phone towers. The views from the top of one of the accessible Telecom structures are spectacular and unobstructed. Just below the knoll is an L-shaped defensive trench with rock walls, probably for the men who manned the light. Above this is a small Japanese monument.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Sokehs Mountain

By pni-surfclubPosted on January 1, 2013September 1, 2019Posted in birding, camping, hiking & trekking, historical sites, sokehs island, world war sitesTagged 12.7 cm dual purpose guns, 15 cm gun, anti-aircraft battery, birding, bunkers, coastal battery, dollap, fsm, guns, hiking, historical sites, islands, japanese historical sites, micronesia, oceania, pacific, pohndollap, pohnpei, ponape, power station, rifle pits, sokehs, sokehs island, sokehs mountain, south point, trails, tunnels, world war sites